524 / 912
516
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
CHAPTER 16
Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Important Terms
acetal
C
OR
R
OR
H
or
C
OR
R
OR
R
aldehyde
C
O
R H
catalytic hydrogenation
addition of hydrogen to a double or triple bond in the presence of a metal catalyst.
chemoselective reaction
a reaction in which a reagent reacts with one functional group in preference to
another.
conjugate addition
(1,4-addition)
nucleophilic addition to the
b
-carbon of an
a
,
b
-unsaturated carbonyl compound.
direct addition
(1,2-addition)
nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon of an
a
,
b
-unsaturated carbonyl
compound.
cyanohydrin
R C C
OH
R (H)
N
deoxygenation
removal of an oxygen from a reactant.
disconnection
the breaking of a bond to carbon in a retrosynthetic analysis to give a simpler
molecule.
dissolving metal reduction
a reduction using sodium or lithium metal dissolved in liquid ammonia.
enamine
an
a
,
b
-unsaturated tertiary amine.
gem
-diol (hydrate)
a molecule with two OH groups on the same carbon.
hemiacetal
C
OH
R
OR
H
or
C
OH
R
OR
R
hydrate
a molecule with two OH groups on the same carbon.