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CHAPTER 6
The Reactions of Alkenes: The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions
Important Terms
acid-catalyzed reaction
a reaction catalyzed by an acid.
aldehyde
a compound with a carbonyl group that is bonded to an alkyl group and to a hydro-
gen (or bonded to two hydrogens).
O
C
R H
or
O
C
H H
anti addition
an addition reaction in which the two added substituents add to opposite sides of
the molecule.
biochemistry
the chemistry associated with living organisms.
carbocation rearrangement
the rearrangement of a carbocation to a more stable carbocation.
concerted reaction
a reaction in which all the bond-making and bond-breaking processes take place in
a single step.
dimer
a molecule formed by joining two identical molecules.
electrophilic addition
an addition reaction in which the first species that adds to the reactant is an
reaction
electrophile.
enzyme
a protein that catalyzes a biological reaction.
epoxide (oxirane)
an ether in which the oxygen is incorporated into a three-membered ring.
halohydrin
an organic molecule that contains a halogen atom and an OH group.
Hammond postulate
states that the transition state will be more similar in structure to the species (reac-
tants or products) that it is closer to energetically.
hydration
addition of water to a compound.
1,2-hydride shift
the movement of a hydride ion (a hydrogen with its pair of bonding electrons)
from one carbon to an adjacent carbon.
hydroboration–oxidation
the addition of borane (or R
2
BH) to a double or triple bond followed by reaction
with hydrogen peroxide and hydroxide ion.
hyperconjugation
delocalization of electrons by overlap of carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon
s
bonds with a
p
orbital on an adjacent carbon.