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Chapter 25 791
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prostaglandin
a carboxylic acid, derived from arachidonic acid, that is responsible for a variety
of physiological functions.
protein prenylation
the process of attaching farnesyl and geranylgeranyl groups to proteins to allow
them to become anchored to membranes.
saponification
hydrolysis of a fat under basic conditions.
sesquiterpene
a terpene that contains 15 carbons.
simple triacylglycerol
a triacylglycerol in which the three fatty acid components are the same.
soap
a sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid.
sphingolipid
a lipid that contains sphingosine.
squalene
a triterpene that is a precursor of steroid molecules.
steroid
a class of compounds that contains a steroid ring system.
steroid ring system
A
-substituent
a substituent on the opposite side of a steroid ring system from the angular methyl
groups (the bottom face as typically drawn).
B
-substituent
a substituent on the same side of a steroid ring system as the angular methyl groups
(the top face as typically drawn).
terpene
a lipid isolated from a plant that contains carbon atoms in multiples of five.
terpenoid
a terpene that contains oxygen.
tetraterpene
a terpene that contains 40 carbons.
trans fused
two rings fused together such that if one ring is considered to be two substituents
of the other ring, the substituents would be opposite sides of the first ring.
triacylglycerol
the compound formed when the three OH groups of glycerol are esterified with
fatty acids.
triterpene
a terpene that contains 30 carbons.
wax
an ester formed from a long straight-chain carboxylic acid and a long straight-
chain alcohol.