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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
CHAPTER 22
Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions
Important Terms
acid catalyst
a catalyst that increases the rate of a reaction by donating a proton.
active site
a pocket or cleft in an enzyme where the substrate is bound.
acyl-enzyme intermediate
an amino acid residue of an enzyme that has been acylated while catalyzing a
reaction.
amino acid side chain
the substituent on the
a
-carbon of an amino acid.
base catalyst
a catalyst that increases the rate of a reaction by removing a proton.
catalyst
a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without itself being changed or
consumed in the overall reaction.
covalent catalysis
catalysis that occurs as a result of a nucleophile forming a covalent bond with one
(nucleophilic catalysis)
of the reactants.
effective molarity
the concentration of the reagent that would be required in an intermolecular
reaction for it to have the same rate as an intramolecular reaction.
electrophilic catalyst
an electrophile that facilitates a reaction.
electrostatic catalysis
the stabilization of a charge by an opposite charge.
enzyme
a protein that is a catalyst.
general-acid catalysis
catalysis in which a proton is transferred to the reactant during the slow step of the
reaction.
general-base catalysis
catalysis in which a proton is removed from the reactant during the slow step of
the reaction.
induced fit model
a model that describes the specificity of an enzyme for its substrate: the shape of
the active site does not become completely complementary to the shape of the
substrate until after the enzyme has bound the substrate.
intramolecular catalysis
catalysis in which the catalyst that facilitates the reaction is part of the molecule
undergoing reaction.
lock-and-key model
a model that describes the specificity of an enzyme for its substrate: the substrate
fits the enzyme like a key fits into a lock.
metal-ion catalysis
catalysis in which the species that facilitates the reaction is a metal ion.