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3.4 Descrizione della tavola periodica
73
Configurazione elettronica degli elementi nello stato fondamentale
TABELLA 3.1
1
H
1s
1
2
He
1s
2
3
Li
He 2s
1
4
Be
He 2s
2
5
B
He 2s
2
2p
1
6
C
He 2s
2
2p
2
7
N
He 2s
2
2p
3
8
O
He 2s
2
2p
4
9
F
He 2s
2
2p
5
10
Ne
He 2s
2
2p
6
11
Na
Ne 3s
1
12
Mg
Ne 3s
2
13
Al
Ne 3s
2
3p
1
14
Si
Ne 3s
2
3p
2
15
P
Ne 3s
2
3p
3
16
S
Ne 3s
2
3p
4
17
Cl
Ne 3s
2
3p
5
18
Ar
Ne 3s
2
3p
6
19
K
Ar
4s
1
20
Ca
Ar
4s
2
21
Sc
Ar
3d
1
4s
2
22
Ti
Ar
3d
2
4s
2
23
V
Ar
3d
3
4s
2
24
Cr
Ar
3d
5
4s
1
25
Mn
Ar
3d
5
4s
2
26
Fe
Ar
3d
6
4s
2
27
Co
Ar
3d
7
4s
2
28
Ni
Ar
3d
8
4s
2
29
Cu
Ar
3d
10
4s
1
30
Zn
Ar
3d
10
4s
2
31
Ga
Ar
3d
10
4s
2
4p
1
32
Ge
Ar
3d
10
4s
2
4p
2
33
As
Ar
3d
10
4s
2
4p
3
34
Se
Ar
3d
10
4s
2
4p
4
35
Br
Ar
3d
10
4s
2
4p
5
36
Kr
Ar
3d
10
4s
2
4p
6
37
Rb
Kr
5s
1
38
Sr
Kr
5s
2
39
Y
Kr
4d
1
5s
2
40
Zr
Kr
4d
2
5s
2
41
Nb
Kr
4d
4
5s
1
42
Mo
Kr
4d
5
5s
1
43
Tc
Kr
4d
5
5s
2
44
Ru
Kr
4d
7
5s
1
45
Rh
Kr
4d
8
5s
1
46
Pd
Kr
4d
10
47
Ag
Kr
4d
10
5s
1
48
Cd
Kr
4d
10
5s
2
49
In
Kr
4d
10
5s
2
5p
1
50
Sn
Kr
4d
10
5s
2
5p
2
51
Sb
Kr
4d
10
5s
2
5p
3
52
Te
Kr
4d
10
5s
2
5p
4
53
I
Kr
4d
10
5s
2
5p
5
54
Xe
Kr
4d
10
5s
2
5p
6
55
Cs
Xe
6s
1
56
Ba
Xe
6s
2
57
La
Xe
5d
1
6s
2
58
Ce
Xe 4f
1
5d
1
6s
2
59
Pr
Xe 4f
3
6s
2
60
Nd
Xe 4f
4
6s
2
61
Pm
Xe 4f
5
6s
2
62
Sm
Xe 4f
6
6s
2
63
Eu
Xe 4f
7
6s
2
64
Gd
Xe 4f
7
5d
1
6s
2
65
Tb
Xe 4f
9
6s
2
66
Dy
Xe 4f
10
6s
2
67
Ho
Xe 4f
11
6s
2
68
Er
Xe 4f
12
6s
2
69
Tm
Xe 4f
13
6s
2
70
Yb
Xe 4f
14
6s
2
71
Lu
Xe 4f
14
5d
1
6s
2
72
Hf
Xe 4f
14
5d
2
6s
2
73
Ta
Xe 4f
14
5d
3
6s
2
74
W
Xe 4f
14
5d
4
6s
2
75
Re
Xe 4f
14
5d
5
6s
2
76
Os
Xe 4f
14
5d
6
6s
2
77
Ir
Xe 4f
14
5d
7
6s
2
78
Pt
Xe 4f
14
5d
9
6s
1
79
Au
Xe 4f
14
5d
10
6s
1
80
Hg
Xe 4f
14
5d
10
6s
2
81
Tl
Xe 4f
14
5d
10
6s
2
6p
1
82
Pb
Xe 4f
14
5d
1
6s
2
6p
2
83
Bi
Xe 4f
14
5d
10
6s
2
6p
3
84
Po
Xe 4f
14
5d
10
6s
2
6p
4
85
At
Xe 4f
14
5d
10
6s
2
6p
5
86
Rn
Xe 4f
14
5d
10
6s
2
6p
6
87
Fr
Rn
7s
1
88
Ra
Rn
7s
2
89
Ac
Rn
6d
1
7s
2
90
Th
Rn
6d
2
7s
2
91
Pa
Rn 5f
2
6d
1
7s
2
92
U
Rn 5f
3
6d
1
7s
2
93
Np
Rn 5f
4
6d
1
7s
2
94
Pu
Rn 5f
6
7s
2
95
Am
Rn 5f
7
7s
2
96
Cm
Rn 5f
7
6d
1
7s
2
97
Bk
Rn 5f
9
7s
2
98
Cf
Rn 5f
10
7s
2
99
Es
Rn 5f
11
7s
2
100
Fm
Rn 5f
12
7s
2
101
Md
Rn 5f
13
7s
2
102
No
Rn 5f
14
7s
2
103
Lr
104
Rf
105
Db
106
Sg
107
Bh
108
Hs
109
Mt
110
Ds
111
Rg
112
Cn
113
Nh
114
Fl
115
Mc
116
Lv
117
Ts
118
Og