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598 Chapter 18
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Meisenheimer complex
a resonance-stabilized complex formed by addition of a nucleophile to a benzene
ring.
meta director
a substituent that directs an incoming substituent meta to an existing substituent.
nitration
substitution of a nitro group
1
NO
2
2
for a hydrogen of an aromatic ring.
nitrosamine
an amine with a nitroso
(N O)
substituent bonded to its nitrogen atom.
(
N
-nitroso compound)
nucleophilic aromatic
a reaction in which a nucleophile substitutes for a halo-substituent on a benzene ring.
substitution (S
N
Ar) reaction
ortho-para director
a substituent that directs an incoming substituent ortho and para to an existing
substituent.
phenyl group
C
6
H
5
Sandmeyer reaction
the reaction of an arenediazonium ion with a cuprous salt.
Schiemann reaction
the reaction of an arenediazonium ion with HBF
4
.
S
N
Ar reaction
a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction.
sulfonation
substitution of a hydrogen of an aromatic ring with a sulfonic acid group
1
SO
3
H
2
.
Suzuki reaction
a reaction that replaces the R group of a vinylic or aryl halide with an alkyl, alke-
nyl, or aryl substituent.
withdraw electrons by
withdrawal of electrons through
p
orbital overlap with neighboring
p
bonds.
resonance (resonance
electron withdrawal)
Wolff–Kishner reduction
a reaction that reduces the carbonyl group of a ketone to a methylene group using
NH
2
NH
2
>
HO
-
,
∆
.