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Chapter 5 189
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
rate law
the relationship between the rate of a reaction and the concentration of the
reactants.
reaction coordinate
a diagram that describes the energy changes that take place during the course of a
diagram
reaction.
saturated hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon that is completely saturated with hydrogen (contains no double or
triple bonds).
solvation
the interaction between a solvent and another molecule (or ion).
steric strain
the repulsion between the electron cloud of an atom or a group of atoms and the
electron cloud of another atom or group of atoms.
substrate
the reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
thermodynamic stability
thermodynamic stability is indicated by
∆
G
°
. If
∆
G
°
is negative, the product is
thermodynamically stable compared to the reactant. If
∆
G
°
is positive, the reactant
is thermodynamically stable compared to the product.
thermodynamics
the field of chemistry that describes the properties of a system at equilibrium.
transition state
the energy maximum of a reaction step on a reaction coordinate diagram. In the
transition state, bonds in the reactant that will break are partially broken and bonds
in the product that will form are partially formed.
unsaturated hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon that contains one or more double or triple bonds.
vinyl group
2
CH CH
vinylic carbon
a carbon that is doubly bonded to another carbon.
vinylic hydrogen
a hydrogen bonded to a vinylic carbon.