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Chapter 17 557
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A
-hydrogen
a hydrogen bonded to the carbon adjacent to a carbonyl carbon.
keto–enol tautomerism
interconversion of keto and enol tautomers.
(keto–enol interconversion)
B
-keto ester
an ester with a ketone carbonyl group at the
b
-position.
Kolbe–Schmidt
a reaction of a phenolate ion with carbon dioxide under pressure.
carboxylation reaction
malonic ester synthesis
synthesis of a carboxylic acid using diethyl malonate as the starting material.
Michael reaction
the addition of an
a
-carbanion to the
b
-carbon of an
a
,
b
-unsaturated carbonyl
compound.
Robinson annulation
a Michael reaction followed by an intramolecular aldol condensation.
A
-substitution reaction
a reaction that puts a substituent on an
a
-carbon in place of an
a
-hydrogen.
tautomers
constitutional isomers that are in rapid equilibrium (for example, keto and enol
tautomers). The keto and enol tautomers differ only in the location of a double
bond and a hydrogen.