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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
CHAPTER 24
The Organic Chemistry of the Metabolic Pathways
Important Terms
acyl adenylate
R
O
−
adenosine
O
C
O
O
P
O
acyl phosphate
O
R
O
−
−
O
C
O
P
O
acyl pyrophosphate
R
O
−
O
C
O
P
O
O
−
O
−
O
P
O
allosteric activator/inhibitor
a compound that activates/inhibits an enzyme by binding to a site on the enzyme
other than the active site.
anabolism
the reactions living organisms carry out that result in the synthesis of complex
biomolecules from simple precursor molecules.
catabolism
the reactions living organisms carry out to provide energy and simple precursor
molecules for synthesis.
citric acid cycle
a series of reactions that convert the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA into two molecules
of CO
2
and a molecule of CoASH.
fatty acid
a long, straight-chain carboxylic acid.
feedback inhibitor
a compound that inhibits a step at the beginning of the pathway for its biosynthesis.
gluconeogenesis
the synthesis of glucose from pyruvate.
glycolysis
the series of reactions that converts glucose to two molecules of pyruvate.
high-energy bond
a bond that releases a great deal of energy when it is broken.
metabolism
reactions living organisms carry out to obtain the energy they need and to synthesize
the compounds they require.
B
-oxidation
a repeating series of four reactions that convert a fatty acyl-CoA molecule into
molecules of acetyl-CoA.