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674 Chapter 20
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
N
-glycoside
a glycoside with a nitrogen instead of an oxygen at the glycosidic linkage.
glycosidic bond
the bond between the anomeric carbon of a sugar and an alcohol.
A
-1,4 -glycosidic linkage
a glycosidic linkage between the C-1 of one sugar and the C-4 of a second sugar
with the oxygen atom at C-1 in the axial position.
A
-1,6 -glycosidic linkage
a glycosidic linkage between the C-1 of one sugar and the C-6 of a second sugar
with the oxygen atom at C-1 in the axial position.
B
-1,4 -glycosidic linkage
a glycosidic linkage between the C-1 of one sugar and the C-4 of a second sugar
with the oxygen atom at C-1 in the equatorial position.
Haworth projection
a way to show the structure of a sugar in which the five- and six-membered rings
are represented as being flat.
heptose
a monosaccharide with seven carbons.
hexose
a monosaccharide with six carbons.
ketose
a polyhydroxy ketone.
Kiliani–Fischer synthesis
a method used to increase the number of carbons in an aldose by one, resulting in
the formation of a pair of C-2 epimers.
molecular recognition
the recognition of one molecule by another as a result of specific interactions.
monosaccharide
a single sugar molecule.
mutarotation
a slow change in optical rotation to an equilibrium value.
nonreducing sugar
a sugar that cannot be oxidized by reagents such as Ag
+
or Br
2
. Nonreducing
sugars are not in equilibrium with the open-chain aldose or ketose.
oligosaccharide
3 to 10 sugar molecules linked by glycosidic bonds.
oxocarbenium ion
an ion in which the positive charge is shared by a carbon and an oxygen.
pentose
a monosaccharide with five carbons.
polysaccharide
a compound containing 10 or more sugar molecules linked together.
pyranose
a six-membered ring sugar.
pyranoside
a six-membered ring glycoside.