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Chapter 3 133
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IUPAC nomenclature
systematic nomenclature developed by the International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry.
London dispersion forces
induced-dipole–induced-dipole interactions.
melting point
the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.
methylene group
a
CH
2
group.
Newman projection
a way to represent the three-dimensional spatial relationships of atoms by looking
down the length of a particular carbon–carbon bond.
packing
a property that determines how well individual molecules fit into a crystal lattice.
parent hydrocarbon
the longest continuous carbon chain in a molecule; if the molecule has a functional
group, it is the longest continuous carbon chain that contains the functional group.
perspective formula
a way to represent the three-dimensional spatial relationships of atoms using two
adjacent solid lines, one solid wedge, and one hatched wedge.
polarizability
the ease with which an electron cloud of an atom can be distorted.
primary alcohol
an alcohol in which the OH group is bonded to a primary carbon.
primary alkyl halide
an alkyl halide in which the halogen is bonded to a primary carbon.
primary amine
an amine with one alkyl group bonded to the nitrogen.
primary carbon
a carbon bonded to only one other carbon.
primary hydrogen
a hydrogen bonded to a primary carbon.
quaternary ammonium salt
a compound with four alkyl groups bonded to a nitrogen, plus an accompanying anion.
ring flip (chair-chair
the conversion of a chair conformer of cyclohexane into the other chair
interconversion)
conformer; bonds that are axial in one chair conformer are equatorial in the other
chair conformer.
sawhorse projection
a way to represent the three-dimensional spatial relationships of atoms by looking
at the carbon–carbon bond from an oblique angle.
secondary alcohol
an alcohol in which the OH group is bonded to a secondary carbon.
secondary alkyl halide
an alkyl halide in which the halogen is bonded to a secondary carbon.
secondary amine
an amine with two alkyl groups bonded to the nitrogen.
secondary carbon
a carbon bonded to two other carbons.
secondary hydrogen
a hydrogen bonded to a secondary carbon.